IN THE hierarchy of transplant surgery,replacing a bronchus (the passage from the main windpipe, the trachea, into alung) does not sound difficult compared with, say, plumbing in a new heart.

在移植级别的手术室中，替换一个支气管（主气管的分支，通入到肺中）听起来与在一个新的心脏中搭桥相比，一点也不困难。

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So 3-d scans of his windpipe were sent to scientists at University College London, which crafted a glass scaffold that was a perfect match for Beyene's trachea and two main bronchi.

他的气管3 - D扫描图被送到伦敦大学的科学家手里，科学家们精心制作了一个和Be yene相匹配的一个有一个气管和两个支气管的支架。

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A 12-hour operation by an Italian surgeon specializing in trachea operations removed Beyene's windpipe and all signs of the cancer and then replaced it with the new, lab-grown organ.

通过12小时的手术意大利外科医生将Be yene的癌变气管切除，替换上新的这个实验室培养的组织。

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The patient's new windpipe, or trachea, was made from a special plastic material and her own cells.

WSJ: Scientists Implant Lab-Made Trachea Into Toddler

Common symptoms include vocal fatigue, throat discomfort associated with speaking, hoarseness, as well as a chronic cough due to aspiration (food or liquids going down the trachea or windpipe).

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Three years ago, Macchiarini made headlines by implanting an artificial trachea created from donor tissue combined with stem cells from the recipient, Claudia Castillo, whose windpipe had been damaged by tuberculosis.

CNN: Lab-made organ implanted for first time